My Notes according to syllabus and GATE
EMI Copy 2
EMI Copy 1
EMI Copy 1 Index (Download Notes from above pdf link)
Methods of Measurement: Direct and Indirect- Page 1
Instruments and Measurement System - 2
Characteristics of Instrument: Absolute and Secondary - 5
Deflection and Null Type - 6
Secondary Instrument - Analog and Digital - 11
Function of Instruments and Measurement System - 12
Static Characteristics: Accuracy, Reproducibility, Sensitivity, Drift, Static Error, Dead Zone -14
Errors -25
Units and Dimension - 36
Indicating Instruments - 39
Deflecting Torque - 39
Controlling Torque - 40
Comparison Gravity Vs. Spring Control -44
Damping Torque: Air, Fluid, Eddy, Electromagnetic Damping- 49
Types of Instruments -56
Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) -57
Notes Changed (from here EMI Notes from start) - INDEX EMI Copy 1
Generalized Measurement System - Page 63
Direct method of Measurement - 65
Indirect method - 67
Absolute Instrument - 68
Secondary Instrument - 70
Characteristics of Instrument: Accuracy, Precision, Linearity, Sensitivity, Dead Time, Dead Zone, Threshold, Drift, Resolution - 74
Types of Errors: Gross, Systematic, Random Error - 93
Numerical Problems on Errors and Characteristics of Instruments -99
Secondary Instruments (in details): Indicating, Recording, Integrating Type - 126
Components - Deflecting, Controlling and Damping Torque -128
Deflecting Torque -129
Numerical Problems on Deflecting Torque -136
Controlling Torque - 142
Helical and Spiral Spring - 142
Gravity Control - 151
Numerical Problem on Deflecting Toque - 153
Damping Toque: Air and Fluid Friction, Eddy Current and Electromagnetic - 161
Mechanism for Producing Deflecting Torque - 171
PMMC (Permanent Magnet Moving Coil) Instrument - 175
Extension of range of Ammeter and Voltmeter - 183
Numerical Problems -187
MI (Moving Iron) Instrument - 195
Numerical Problems -201
Extension of range of Ammeter and Voltmeter - 204
EMMC (Electro Magnet Moving Coil) or EDM (Electro Dynamo Meter) Instrument - 211
EDM Connection for Voltmeter & Ammeter and Wattmeter - 214
EDM instrument for AC Supply - Derivation - 221
ESV (Electrostatic Voltmeter) - 226
Extension Range of ESV - 235
Numerical Problem - 239
Thermal Instruments -243
RTD - 248
Thermistor - 251
Thermocouple - 253
Rectifier Type Instrument - 256
Full Wave Rectifier - 261
Numerical Problem -264
Measurement of Resistance: Low and Medium resistance- 268
Voltmeter - Ammeter Method - 270
Ammeter - Voltmeter Method - 271
Numerical Problem -274
Substitution Method - 276
Wheatstone Bridge - 282
Sensitivity of Wheatstone Bridge - 285
Numerical Problems - 291
Kelvin's Double Bridge - 297
Ohm Meter: Series and Shunt Type - 300
Meggar - 306
Loss of Charge Method - 307
Direct Deflection Method - 311
Measurement of Inductance - 313
EMI Copy 2 - Index ( Notes to download from pdf link above)
Measurement of Inductance - Page 1
Voltmeter - Ammeter Method - 3
3 Voltmeter Method - 4
3 Ammeter Method - 6
Comparison of DC Bridges and AC Bridges - 7
Maxwell Inductance Bridge - 10
Maxwell Inductance Capacitance Bridge -15
Hay's Bridge - 17
Owen's Bridge - 20
Anderson Bridge - 23
Measurement of Capacitance - 27
Modified Desauty's Bridge - 29
Desauty Bridge - 31
Schering Bridge - 34
Numerical Problems - 37
Wein's Robinson Bridge - 41
Measurement of Power - 44
Potentiometer - 125
Numerical Problems - 129
Q Meter - 134
Errors in Q Meter - 139
CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) - 143
Measurement by using CRO - 154
Numerical Problems - 162
DVM - 166
N 1/2 Digital Display - 181
Instrument Transformer - 185
Power Factor Meter - 202
Flux Meter - 208
Ballastic Galvanometer - 211
Transducers - 213
Examples of Primary Transducers - 215
Classification of Transducers: Primary & Secondary, Active & Passive, Transducer & Inverse Transducer, Analog & Digital - 216
Assignment of all 5 Units
Assignment 2024-25
All 5 Units Assignments in Word
Syllabus
Reference Notes
Notes same as my notes (above) in different handwriting
Reference Notes Typed - Some part may not match from the syllabus
Previous Years Questions Papers (AKTU)
Since syllabus changed so some questions may not be relevant.